Cellulitis, a potentially very serious skin infection that frequently plagues older individuals, is something that we all need to watch for. Because the bacteria that cause it are everywhere, and it can spread rapidly into the bloodstream if not vigorously treated, cellulitis can even be life-threatening if not caught and treated promptly.

Cellulitis can develop when a break in the skin permits bacteria to enter. Although cellulitis can occur anywhere on the body, most commonly streptococcus or staphylococcus bacteria find a small break in the skin on a senior's lower leg or ankle area. Very dry skin, abrasions, punctures, insect bites, even simply cracked and swollen skin from excessive fluid accumulation can create an entry point for these bacteria.

Cellulitis appears first as a reddened area of skin that feels hot, tender and swollen. Occasionally the inflamed area of skin will also have small red spots or blisters. If untreated the affected area will usually grow larger. Sometimes a person with cellulitis will also have a fever or general "malaise," but this is not always the case.

If you see signs of this potentially serious skin infection, don't wait to consult with the doctor until the next scheduled appointment, and don't wait until the home health nurse returns in several days.

An elderly person with a tender, red, warm, swollen rash needs to get medical attention as soon as possible. If the rash seems to be expanding, do the best you can to get an immediate, same day appointment. If your senior also has a fever, or if you see rapid changes in the appearance of the rash, this may signal that the bacteria beneath the skin are spreading. In that case, it's time to get emergency treatment. The bacteria responsible for a cellulitis infection can be life threatening if they enter the blood stream or the lymph nodes.

In most cases, if caught early, a 10 to 14 day course of antibiotic treatment will be effective. However, if the infection is extensive, or if the patient is extremely ill, hospitalization and intravenouse antibiotic therapy is sometimes necessary.

Who is Most at Risk for Cellulitis?

The elderly, who often have less effective circulatory systems;

Those with weakened immune systems

Those with diabetes, which can cause compromised blood circulation to the lower legs and feet, slower healing of wounds, and an impaired immune system;

Those with chronically swollen arms or legs. Swollen skin can crack, permitting bacteria to enter;

Those with any chronic infection, particularly on the feet;

Those with chicken pox, shingles, or any rash that causes blistering of the skin.